Ghana Moves to Criminalise LGBTQ+ Identity, Advocacy as Parliament Passes New Law

Ghana’s Parliament has approved a controversial bill that significantly expands restrictions on LGBTQ+ rights, criminalising not only same-sex relationships but also LGBTQ+ identity, advocacy and support activities.

Under the legislation, individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer could face prison terms of up to three years. The bill also introduces a legal obligation requiring citizens to report alleged violations to law enforcement authorities.

The legislation now awaits the assent of President John Dramani Mahama before it can become law.

Supporters of the bill argue that it seeks to protect Ghana’s cultural and family values. Reverend John Ntim Fordjour, one of the sponsors of the legislation, told lawmakers that the measure was designed to strengthen existing laws against same-sex relationships.

According to him, the legislation would make current restrictions “more robust, more encompassing and more stringent” in addressing LGBTQ+ activities.

One of the most controversial aspects of the bill is its provision targeting individuals considered allies of LGBTQ+ persons. Those found promoting, supporting or advocating for LGBTQ+ rights could also face criminal penalties.

However, exemptions have been included for healthcare professionals, journalists and legal practitioners carrying out their official duties.

Human rights organisations have strongly criticised the legislation.

Human Rights Watch warned that the bill could endanger the lives of LGBTQ+ persons while encouraging surveillance and social hostility.

The organisation argued that the legislation creates an atmosphere where citizens may feel compelled to monitor and report one another, potentially increasing discrimination and social exclusion.

The latest development follows a similar bill passed by Ghana’s Parliament in 2024 which never became law after then-President Nana Akufo-Addo declined to sign it amid legal challenges.

President Mahama has previously indicated support for legislation based on what he described as traditional family values, stating that he believes marriage should remain exclusively between a man and a woman.

The move places Ghana among a growing number of African nations tightening restrictions on LGBTQ+ rights, following similar legislative actions in countries such as Senegal and Uganda.